Electronic voting machines - improvements or security risks?
The discussion about potential security flaws with electronic voting
machines brought lots of feedback, but raised more concerns.
Interestingly, some people from other countries were surprised, and
even amused, that the US could have such problems with electronic
voting. Rob Koene [Rob.Koene@Fluor.com] from the Netherlands wrote:
"In the Netherlands, eVoting has already been in use for 10-15 years,
for government, county, and town council elections. I honestly cannot
remember when I marked a voting ballot with a pen. Neither have
we ever heard reports of fraud. There are arguments that elderly,
unintelligent or illiterate people would have problems with eVoting.
But still, everybody is eVoting, and if you have a problem, the
attendants are always there to help.
"We, on the other side of the Atlantic, have followed the US elections
with rising amusement, seeing the world's high tech leader using punch
cards, pencils and the lot, to vote for the most powerful person in
the world. And getting into deep sh-t because of it. If you would have
voted electronically, most discussions would just not have been there.
"So, hello USA! You are (still) a role model for most of this world.
Get yourselves together please and buy proven technology. I'm sure
that the Dutch government will be very willing to advise...."
My response to Rob Koene was that The Netherlands is a relatively
small country, population of about 16 million, mostly educated and
informed. Then, I got this from V Jayaraman [vjayaram@eth.net]
from India, population over 1 billion, the world's largest democracy:
"In India, electronic voting machines are used almost everywhere.
Even illiterate people have learned to use them. How can it be so
difficult in the USA, with a higher literacy rate? If there are
difficulties faced in using the Electronic Voting Machines, they have
to be identified and dealt with, rather than throwing away the tool."
Information on the Indian electronic voting machines is available (see
weblink below). They are made by the two largest state-owned
electronics companies, at a cost of about $100.00 each. The machines
are battery-operated, and so can be used in villages where there is
no electrical power available. Simple and seemingly fool-proof.
By comparison, the US touch-screen voting machines are complex and
expensive, funded by $3.8 billion as part of the Help America Vote
Act of 2002. This was Congress' attempt to forestall a repeat of the
infamous Florida election debacle of 2000.
The US made machines are reported to cost about $3,500 each if states
buy them in bulk, versus $5,500 to $6,000 each if individual counties
purchase them in smaller quantities. Paper verification is expected
to cost about an additional $500 per machine, but may not be available
for all machines in time for the 2004 election.
My point about verifiable voting results remains. Without a paper
trail, there will be no way to audit, or do a recount in the 2004
presidential elections. If there is a problem, will the courts
decide the outcome - again?
Will Your Vote Count in the Next Election?
Maybe not! How will we even know?
India electronic voting machine FAQs
Criticism of electronic voting machines’ security is mounting
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The second superpower
Dr. Ted Mohns helps me greatly with his regular discussions and
weblinks to significant new thinking. Here is my summary of an
article by James Moore, which gives valuable food for thought.
As the US becomes more belligerent with the use of its power in the
world, the new global village needs and wants a "second superpower".
This must be a power that speaks for the interests of global society,
for long-term well-being, for broad participation in the democratic
process.
Where can the world find such a second superpower? No nation or group
of nations seems able to play this role; even the common might of the
European nations is barely a match for undisputed US power.
Moore suggests that there is indeed an emerging second superpower.
But, it is not a nation. It is a new form of international power,
constituted by a global social movement made up of millions of people
concerned with broad agendas - social development, environmentalism,
health, and human rights. These are activists who identify their
interests with world society as a whole, who recognize that at a
fundamental level we are all one. These are people who are attempting
to take into account the needs and dreams of all 6.3 billion people
in the world, not just the interests of one nation or another.
What is perhaps most interesting about this global movement is that
it is not really directed by visible leaders, but by the collective,
emergent action of millions of participants. Already, approximately
10% of the US population align themselves this way, and the percentage
in Europe is somewhat higher. The global membership in Asia, South
America, Africa and India is growing quickly with the spread of the
Internet.
What makes these numbers startling is the new cyberspace-enabled
interconnection among the members. The Internet and other interactive
media continue to penetrate more and more deeply through all world
society, and provide a means for instantaneous personal dialogue and
communication across the globe. The collective power of texting,
blogging, instant messaging, and email across millions of involved
people cannot be overestimated. Like a mind constituted of millions
of inter-networked neurons, the social movement is capable of
astonishingly rapid and sometimes subtle community consciousness
and action.
This new "superpower" demonstrates a new form of emergent democracy
that differs from conventional political democracy that is mainly
through the regular, formal process of voting. While deliberation in
the first superpower is done primarily by a few elected or appointed
officials, deliberation in the second superpower is done by each
individual. Where participation in democracy in the first superpower
feels remote to most people, the emergent democracy of the second
superpower is alive with touching and being touched by each other,
as the community works to create wisdom and to take action.
The second superpower takes action, not from the top, but from the
bottom. The strength of the US government that it can centrally
collect taxes, and then decide to spend, for example, $87 billion
in Iraq. By contrast, the strength of the second superpower that
it could mobilize millions of people to rally in the streets at
short notice, to protest or act against anything they feel is wrong.
Deliberation in the first superpower is relatively formal - dictated
by the US constitution and by slow and cumbersome legislation. The
reality of old-style decision making often centers around lobbying
and campaign contributions by special interests - big oil, the
military-industrial complex, big agriculture, and big drugs - to
mention only a few. Policy goals that have broad, long-term value
for society at large are extremely difficult to promote - such as
environment, poverty reduction and third world development, women's
rights, human rights, health care for all. By contrast, these are
precisely the issues to which the second superpower tends to address
its attention.
In traditional democracy, sense-making (making sense of something)
moves from top to bottom. "The President must know something that
we don't" is the thinking of loyal but passive members of the first
superpower. This old-style democracy was established in the 18th
century, when education and information were both scarce resources.
But, the emerging second superpower of the 21st century depends upon
educated informed members. Each individual is responsible for their
own sense-making. Each seeks as much data - raw facts, direct
experience - as they can get, and then they make up their own minds.
This is the attractiveness to thinking individuals of participation
in the second superpower.
If this sounds very much like Chaos Theory and Complexity Science -
you're right. The first superpower wields its influence from the top
down. The second superpower is more like a community of intelligent
ants, working inexorably towards a common goal.
This may seem to be just a wishful fantasy. But, in the emergent
behaviors of a new century, it may not...
The Second Superpower Rears its Beautiful Head
Jim Moore's weblog - Cybernetics, Politics, Emergence
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